I don't have time to reply to you in detail yet, but I will say:
I see time and again, speculation presented as fact from scientists hard pressed for funding trying to justify their time and money. A wobble over a star viewed from a telescope does not prove life is on a planet near that star.
At best these are educated guess. The operative word being GUESSES. But they justify funding don't they?
Regarding a directing creator, yes. All you present I will come back with an intent being behind it all.
I have a GRAND UNIFIED THEORY that covers the who, why, how and where. As long as you are focussed on purely the how - ignoring or even trying to disprove the who - you will never get to true understanding in my opinion. The simple fact of the impossibility proving anything does not exist seems to have eluded you. Until you have been to every corner of the universe, at every time, and been able to see all there is to see, you can't prove anything - not even the wildest human imagined being - does not exist. You can only work towards proving (within pragmatic certainty) what DOES exist, based on your experience.
I long for the day, when secular western scientists put aside the necessity of atheism and work WITH those of faith, rather than trying to work against us.
I can use everything you discover in my search for knowledge. I can absorb read and learn from every scientific theory and it goes into the cauldron of opinion.
It doesn't seem to be a two way street.
I revert back to the fact that in any experiment you are engaging in, you are adding intent, planning, a desired result and orchestration. These are all elements I regard as vital in the formation of the universe. It's right in front of you, yet you can't, or won't see it. I see you replicating creation. Your work proves my theory - that with a designer, a creator intending life - IT HAPPENS!
As for "know", I believe all I can truly know is that I exist as a self awareness. All else is pragmatic certainty.