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Except for large-volume spills, oil spills in the US are usually enforced by the state. So.... it depends on your state. If there has been a petroleum spill on property a client of mine is buying, I recommend they do Phase II investigation for petroleum constituents and cover, avoid, or remove contaminated soils, which get disposed of as hazardous waste in an approved landfill. With one big client who is afraid of liability associated with any spills on their site or in the area, if there is a spill on record I advise them to use a natural gas backup generator instead of a petroleum based generator. (I.e. if someone sues for liability, they will be able to say the petroleum couldn't have been theirs, because they don't use any).
As for the tanker spills, I believe mandatory insurance helps out a lot. You could look up that spill that happened recently over in Europe for information, though.
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