Well the lads have answered and quite well too.
Let's see if I can do it in a mathematical way to make it easier-
THAC0 = amount you need to hit armour class of 0. The lower the THAC0, the better for you.
Now, the lower the armour class, the harder it is to score a hit.
Thus an AC of 5 is easier to hit than an AC of -3.
Your swing-weapon dice-roll( 1-20) will score a hit IF it is equal to or greater than your THAC0 minus the enemy AC.
If Random roll >= (your THAC0 - enemy AC) ------------------------> You HIT.
(If you can dredge up memories of math class, it should be clear that a NEGATIVE AC is a good thing for you to have, and the more negative the better.)
If you should roll a full 20, then you score a "Critical hit". Now, some instances allow critical hits to occur if you roll just 19. I think this can happen if you're using a single weapon and have proficiency in single weapon usage skill, for example.
That mighten't sound like a whole lot of improvement, but look at it this way:
Regular chance to get a Crit hit = 1 in 20.
Augmented chance to get a Crit hit = 2 in 20, or TWICE as often!
A Critical Hit does substantially MORE damage than a regular hit, but helmets can block them. It's rather like the headshots in Doom. Since MANY many enemies wear helms, it can be a disadvantage to score lots of Crit Hits in battle. Those blows just ring off the enemy helm.
*Dong!*
There are few things you can do to improve your chances of hitting the enemy.
- Never fight when exhausted. It spoils your THAC0.
- Backstab the enemy wherever possible, this is said to help your THAC0. I don't know the details, but brother it SURE helps your damage!!
Now, about damage -
Working out damage inflicted is pretty easy. Read up your weapon stats and there you go:
1D4 = from 1 to four points. ( roll one 4 sided dice.)
2D6 = from 2 to 12 points( 2 times 1D6 )
Some weapons have an additional add on damage- eg a magical bonus. This ranges from plus 1 to plus 5 in the game. A rare single weapon, the Spear of Impaling does a Gigantic super-whopping extra 10 points damage!
Some other weapons have associated special effects that do additional damage-
such as fire arrows, which do additional 2 points fire damage.
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