SPOILERS
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Iron and Adamantite golems require +3 weapons to hit.
I find the best weapon for this purpose is the Tansheron bow which fires +3 phantom arrows - it is one of the few that lets you attack these golems from a distance. A selection of +3 or higher weapons available early in the game:
Axes:
Azuredge
Frostreaver
Staffs:
Martial or Cleric Staff
Staff of Rhynn
Clubs:
Blackblood
Daggers:
Pixie Prick
Flail:
Flail of Ages
Katana:
Celestial Fury
Long Sword:
Blade of Roses
Short Sword:
Sword of Backstabbing
2 Handed sword:
Lilarcor
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Time is an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so.
Epona of The Laughing Hyenas and The Ladies Guild.