Well 1D6 means a roll of 1 six sided dice (you can roll from 1 to 6)
2D4 means 2 rolls of a 4 sided dice (you can roll from 1 to 4 plus another from 1 to 4 for a total roll from 2 to .
The bonuses: you must add the bonus to your roll. So if you roll 6 with a sword +2 your roll is 8, and you will deal 8 damage (plus strenght modifiers). Also deacrease the thaco, so if your base thaco is 18 (you need to roll 18 in 20 sided dice), with a sword +2 your thaco will be 16 (you will hit your enemies more easy).
Besides this all, there are certain things that modify both things (hit rolls and damage done) such as armor, resistances, strength...
hope this helps, if not, ask again please
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