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Spirit Warrior -- ethernet card or network card, two names for the same thing.
Harkoliar -- you posted a picture of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC) for a laptop. A NIC for a desktop machine is (usually) a circuit board you install inside your machine. Both laptops and desktops could have wireless NICs (with some kind of antenna) or NICs with a plug for a network cable.
You said "I should connect a wireless router (or access point) to the existing router and just put a wireless lan card to my computer and thats it?" YES! Your wireless access point might have a built-in router, so it could replace your existing router, but it wouldn't hurt to have both on your network. And don't forget Bungleau's security tips, so neighbors & strangers living nearby can't use your network (& maybe look at your hard drive!) without your permission.
Re: "what is the access point for?" It just takes the data moving through the (hard-wired) network and sends it out over the air (so your laptop can pick it up), and it takes the data coming over the air (from your laptop) and puts it onto the wired network.
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