I entered the one vault from back route(where Raskallion was[killed him]) and i took everything from that part of the vault. The king made me the dragon armor and didn't look that he has noticed anything, so i'm just wondering will he notice it later?

No, he doesn't seem to mind even if you take his entire stash (pickpocket his treasury key and use it to open all the doors, don't miss the one in his actual throne room next to where he is standing).